Connector Components

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Connector Components.

Serial and Parallel Ports.


  • All peripheral devices that connect to the computer use connectors on the back of the computer known as ports.
  • A serial port can be used to connect devices that use a serial interface such as a modem, scanner, mouse, etc.
  • A parallel port is a socket on the computer that is used to connect a printer or other peripheral device such as a portable hard disk, tape backup, scanner, or a CD-ROM.



PS/2 Ports/ 6-pin Mini DIN, 5-pin DIN.

PS/2 keyboard or PS/2 mouse ports are used to connect the PC to its keyboard and mouse.


Universal Serial Bus (USB) and FireWire.

  • The Universal Serial Bus (USB) is an external port and allows user to connect up to 127 external PC peripherals, including USB keyboards, mice, printers, modems, scanners, and external disk drives.
  • FireWire, also known as i.LINK or IEEE 1394 is a high-speed, platform-independent communication bus that interconnects digital devices such as digital video cameras, printers, scanners, digital cameras, and hard drives.


IDE, EIDE, Ultra, and SCSI Controllers.


  • The internal hard drive is connected to a disk controller with a cable.
  • The hard drive and other devices can use one of two types of interface controllers to work with the computer.
  • These include the Enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics (EIDE), and Small Computer System Interface (SCSI, pronounced "scuzzy") connections.
  • Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE) is a type of hardware interface widely used to connect hard disks, CD-ROMs, and tape drives to a PC.
  • 20 GB IDE hard disks have become entry level.
  • The IDE interface is officially known as the AT Attachment (ATA) specification.
  • Enhanced IDE (EIDE) or ATA-2 disk drives is the "new and improved" IDE. The EIDE interface can handle up to 8.4 GB or more.
  • Ultra ATA disk drives are typically much faster than the older ATA and ATA-2 disk drives.
  • Typical Ultra drive sizes can go up to 50 GB or more.
  • SCSI devices have the controlling electronics on each of the drives. However, SCSI is a much more advanced interface controller than ATA-2/EIDE. It is ideal for high-end computers, including network servers.
  • SCSI devices are typically connected in a series, forming a chain that is commonly referred to as a daisy chain.
  • There are three types of SCSI termination :
  1. Passive
  2. Active
  3. Forced Perfection
SCSI Disk Types .

  • Three major versions of the SCSI standard are currently on the market, SCSI-1, SCSI-2, and SCSI-3.
  • To help identify the signaling system used by SCSI devices (controllers and drives), a system of symbols has been devised to identify the different signaling systems.



  • SCSI-1, was used by many Apple computers in the early 1980s. By today’s standards it was rather slow.
  • SCSI-2 uses two different signaling systems, known as single-ended interface and differential interface. The two signaling systems are incompatible and cannot be mixed on the same SCSI bus.
  • This figure shows an example of a 50-pin, 68-pin, and 80-pin (SCA) connector.
  • SCSI-3 is the latest standard of the SCSI family. It combines all the best features of the previous SCSI standards.

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