Modul 4 Operating System Fundamentals

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• Components of an Operating System.
• Operating Systems (OS) are software programs that control thousands of operations, provide an interface between the user and the computer, and run applications.
• An OS is designed to control the operations of programs such as web browsers, word processors, and e-mail programs.

• Computers that handle concurrent users and multiple jobs are called "network servers" or "servers“.
• Servers have operating systems installed called Network Operating Systems (NOS).
• There are three basic elements that make up the major design components of any operating system.

1. User interface
2. Kernel
3. File management system

• All operating systems perform the same basic functions:

1. File and folder management
2. Management of applications
3. Support for built-in utility programs
4. Access control to computer hardware (The operating system can either access the hardware through the BIOS or through the device drivers Figure 2)

• Programs written for the UNIX operating system will not work on a Windows-based system, and vice versa.

• The following terms are often used when comparing operating systems:

1. Multi-user
2. Multi-tasking
3. Multi-processing
4. Multi-threading

• A list of some of the most popular operating systems:

1. Microsoft Windows 95, 98, ME
2. Microsoft Windows NT/2000/XP
3. The Macintosh OS
4. UNIX